![]() These components include phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), fluorine (F), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and selenium (Se). As a result of the analyses conducted using different methods in tooth enameling several chemical components are observed. A negligible part of the 95% inorganic material is represented by TEs. ![]() It consists of 95% inorganic material (calcium hydroxyapatite crystals), 2% organic material (proteins such as amylogenic, enameline, ameloblastin, and tuftelin, among others), and 3% water. Enamel is the hardest and most resistant tissue in the body. The function of this layer is to protect dentine-pulp complex. Įnamel is the hard tissue that covers the surface of the tooth. A tooth has a multicellular structure which can cooperate functionally with maxillofacial area. Ī tooth consists of hard tissue (enamel, dentine, and cement) and soft tissue (pulp and periodontal ligaments), and has TE in its structure. Lack or abundance of these elements due to natural or man-made reasons can lead to critical clinic consequences. Major and TEs play an essential role in human health. TEs are, unlike sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and chlorine, which are considered as macronutrients and required at larger amounts, fall into the micro-nutrient category, which is required at negligible levels (usually lower than 100 mg/day). TEs consist of transition elements and non-metal elements. In humans and other mammals, physiological activities of 23 elements are known, 11 of which are classified as trace elements (TEs). Almost 50% of the known elements are at measurable concentrations in life system. About 96% of life materials consist of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen elements.
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